Pannonicola and Ischymomys are two extinct genera of the family Cricetidae, and both of them were placed at the base of the evolutionary trunk of the subfamily Arvicolinae. Over the last 100 years, the latter has provided the most important fossils for the biostratigraphy of terrestrial Neogene and…

Shrews of the tribe Nectogalini rank among the rarest items of the late Cenozoic fossil record, and their interpretation is traditionally accompanied by numerous controversies. Here, the data from the Czech Republic and Slovakia covering in total 83 MNI from 45 Pliocene and Quaternary (MN 15 – Q 4…

The genus Aztlanolagus from North America is synonymized with Pliopentalagus based on similar morphology of dental characters including (1) general form of five reentrant angles and outline of p3, (2) an enamel lake at the position of PIR, (3) general form of enamel crenulations of the anterior wall…

Fluviatile deposits of the Krutaya Gorka regional formation host a new locality of Early Pliocene continental biota from southern Western Siberia. The Novaya Livenka site provides important data on palynology, paleocarpology, molluscs, fishes, and small mammals, mostly coming from a single…

Csakvaromys sciurinus is an enigmatic stem ground squirrel from the Late Miocene of Hungary that has previously only been briefly described. The restudy of the holotype allows a detailed redescription and comparison with different xerines. Csakvaromys sciurinus is recognized as a junior synonym of…

Fossils of Metatheria and Eulipotyphla from the karstic fissures MWQ2/2003, MCQ3/2005 and MWQ4/2018 of Mokrá-Quarry (South Moravia, the Czech Republic) are studied. These Early Miocene fissures have yielded remains of the herpetotheriid Amphiperatherium frequens, together with the erinaceids…

Rivoli Veronese (Verona, north-eastern Italy) is a karst fissure filling that yielded an Early Pleistocene fauna, including many remains belonging to the genus Talpa, assigned to the late Villanyian rodent age. Some of these remains, characterized by tiny size and primitive features, were already in…

Ochotonidae and Leporidae are two living families belonging to the Order Lagomorpha, an ancient group of mammals originating in the Paleogene of Asia. Those families diversified in the Oligocene and Miocene. More primitive stem lagomorphs inhabited Asia during a time of tropical environmental…

Studies during the 1970’s and 1980’s concluded that the continental Bou Hanifia Formation spanned the Vallesian and Turolian stages, the majority early opinion being that it was basal Vallesian and that it had yielded the oldest known remnants of the equid Hipparion from Africa. This opinion was…

Dento-gnathic remains of a fossil suine currently housed at the Université d’Alger are accompanied by a label similar to those associated with other fossils excavated by Arambourg in 1951 at Bou Hanifia from deposits that were, at the time, correlated to the upper Vindobonian or late Middle Miocene.…

The morphometric variability of the canines and cheek teeth of the fossil and modern dhole (Cuon alpinus) is considered. It was not possible to detect sexual size dimorphism in the species. Geographical variability of dental parameters established two taxon groups: northern, which included two…

Four sites in northern Greece, presented here, are of particular interest, due to the presence of fossil primates and carnivores in Late Miocene and Pliocene assemblages. The Thermopigi site in eastern Macedonia is particularly important, due to its demonstrable Late Miocene assemblage of more than…

Psammornis rothschildi is an avian oospecies, the type material of which was collected from the desert surface in 1909 (i.e., without stratigraphic context), 20 miles east of Touggourt, Algeria. At 3.2–3.3 mm thick, the eggshell is considerably thicker than those of extant ostriches. Thin sections…

Information on mammal remains from 665 sites/localities was used to estimate the range of size diversity of European species in the Eem interglacial (MIS 5e) and the GS 2.1 stadial (MIS 2). Review of faunal composition and comparison of the rank distributions of the occurrence of species remains…

The mica-clay fossil site Groß Pampau is famous for its later Miocene marine mammal record, which represents the fauna of the then-southern North Sea Basin. Since the 1980s, fossils have been collected and later systematically excavated. For a long time, only marine taxa were identified. In 2017,…

Dental remains of the large anthracothere, Brachyodus, from the French Faluns (Touraine, Anjou) and the Sables de l’Orléanais, show a broad range of morphological variation, in particular in the degree of enamel wrinkling, the strength of enamel beading on crests and cingula, the form and volume of…

An isolated tooth, of morphology unusual for cave bears, is described from Late Pleistocene deposits (MIS 3) of Pobeda Cave (54.1000° N, 56.5100° E) in the Urals. Analysis of ancient DNA showed that it belongs to the Ural cave bear Ursus kanivetz, which was widespread in the Pleistocene in the…